AP Spanish Language · Unit 4
La ciencia y la tecnología: every key term you need (+ practice quiz)
36 flashcard terms for AP Spanish Language Unit 4, written to match the course framework. Study them here, then drill them as interactive flashcards, or test yourself with the 18-question quiz — free, no account needed.
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La ciencia y la tecnología AP theme on technology's effects on society, ethics of science, healthcare, innovation, and the digital world in Spanish-speaking countries.
El acceso a la tecnología CED subtopic: who has devices and internet — urban vs. rural, rich vs. poor — and what exclusion costs.
La brecha digital Digital divide: unequal access to internet and devices; rural Latin America lags cities, affecting education and jobs.
La alfabetización digital Digital literacy: skills to use, evaluate, and create with technology — now as essential as reading.
Las redes sociales Social networks (WhatsApp dominates Hispanic communication); reshaping friendship, news, activism, and family ties across borders.
La adicción a la pantalla Screen addiction: compulsive device use among youth; a stock AP source topic with usage-hour statistics.
La desinformación Misinformation and fake news spreading via redes sociales; verifying sources (verificar fuentes) is a civic skill.
La privacidad de datos Data privacy: what apps and governments collect; a core question in ethics-of-technology sources.
La ciberseguridad Protection of systems and data from attacks — phishing (suplantación), hackers, and identity theft (robo de identidad).
El teletrabajo Remote work, accelerated by the pandemic; changes city life, family time, and who can participate in the economy.
La educación a distancia Online learning; expanded access but exposed the brecha digital when students lacked devices or connection.
La inteligencia artificial AI: algorithms that learn and decide; debates over empleos, sesgos (bias), and creativity fill current AP-style sources.
La automatización y el empleo Automation replacing routine jobs; societies debate retraining (recapacitación) versus unemployment.
Los efectos de la tecnología en el individuo CED subtopic: how devices alter attention, memory, self-esteem, and face-to-face relationships.
El cuidado de la salud y la medicina CED subtopic: healthcare access, public systems, traditional medicine, and medical innovation.
La medicina tradicional Healing knowledge of curanderos, hierberos, and parteras using plants and ritual — often combined with modern medicine.
El curandero Traditional healer treating body and spirit with herbs and rituals; respected figure where clinics are scarce or distrusted.
La herbolaria Herbal medicine tradition; plants like manzanilla, ruda, and coca (in the Andes) treat everyday ailments.
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La hoja de coca Sacred Andean plant chewed or brewed (mate de coca) against altitude sickness — traditional use distinct from cocaine.
La salud pública Public health systems; Cuba's medical internationalism and Costa Rica's caja are frequent AP examples.
Las vacunas Vaccines; campaigns and hesitancy (rechazo a las vacunas) appear in AP audio and article sources on science and society.
Los fenómenos naturales CED subtopic: earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes — science of prediction and community preparedness in the Hispanic world.
El anillo de fuego Pacific Ring of Fire: Chile, Perú, México, and Central America face earthquakes and volcanoes, driving seismic science.
La astronomía en el mundo hispano Chile's Atacama desert hosts the world's great observatories (ALMA, Paranal) thanks to its clear, dry skies.
El desierto de Atacama Driest desert on Earth (northern Chile) — ideal laboratory for astronomy and studies of extreme life.
La astronomía maya y azteca Precolumbian science: precise calendars, Venus tables, and observatories like El Caracol at Chichén Itzá.
El calendario maya Interlocking 260-day and 365-day counts plus the Long Count — evidence of sophisticated precolumbian mathematics with zero.
Los avances científicos hispanos Nobel laureates Santiago Ramón y Cajal (neurons), Severo Ochoa (RNA), Luis Federico Leloir, and Mario Molina (ozone).
Mario Molina Mexican chemist, Nobel 1995, who showed CFCs destroy the ozone layer — science driving the Montreal Protocol.
Santiago Ramón y Cajal Spanish Nobel laureate (1906) whose drawings established the neuron as the brain's basic unit — father of neuroscience.
La ética de la ciencia CED subtopic: cloning, genetic editing, AI decisions — what science can do versus what it should do.
La ingeniería genética Editing genes (CRISPR) to cure disease or modify crops; raises hopes and ethical alarms in AP debate prompts.
Los transgénicos GMO crops; Mexico's restrictions on transgenic corn defend native maize diversity — science meets cultural heritage.
La energía renovable Renewables: Costa Rica runs mostly on clean energy; Uruguay leads in wind — models cited in AP sources.
El comercio electrónico E-commerce growth (Mercado Libre) transforming shopping and small business across Latin America.
Los nativos digitales Generation raised with technology; contrasted with older 'inmigrantes digitales' in sources about the tech generation gap.
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